Cognitive impairment is when a person has trouble
remembering, learning new things, concentrating or making decisions that affect
their everyday life. Cognitive impairment ranges from mild to severe with
people with mild impairment still being able to do their everyday activities
unlike severely affected people who partially lose their ability to live
independently. Most of the common disorders like Schizophrenia, Dementia and
Alzheimer’s disease are chronic and currently there is no cure for
neurocognitive disorders.
Currently antidepressants, antipsychotics and other
medications that treat memory loss and behavioural symptoms are available and
may help to treat the diseases. Apart
from these existing measures many other developments are taking place in this
respect. According to the study “Cognitive
Impairment Disorders Drug Development Pipeline Review, 2018” suggests
that majority of products under development for these disorders are small
molecules in order for them to cross the blood-brain barrier and such products
are proving commercially viable. In addition the majority of products are
neuromodulators, impacting the dopaminergic, serotonergic and glutamatergic
systems.
Several products are being developed to address the
significant unmet needs that exist in schizophrenia. Three potential
treatments, namely ITI-007, MIN-101 and NaBen are aimed at managing the
negative symptoms of the disease. In addition AVN-211 is in its late stage
development as a treatment for the cognition impairments associated with
schizophrenia and Lu AF35700 has been developed with the aim to address
treatment resistance in schizophrenia patirnts. Finally, three formulations of
Risperidone namely Risperidone implant, Risperidone ISM and RBP-7000 are
expected to offer improved safety profiles.
Medical research has also brought up new findings. A new
research study by scientists in Australia and the US has recently provided
explanation for failed clinical trials of drugs reducing proteins in the brain
that were initially thought to cause dementia and Alzheimer’s disease.
Inflammation has subsequently been realized as a major cause for such ailments
and now focus has shifted to finding ways of reducing inflammation by improving
anti-inflammatory drugs. Inflammation has long been known to increase as
dementia related diseases progress, but only now has it been identified as the
cause.
Alzheimer’s disease has long been one of the toughest
ailments to combat. This is evident by the fact that no new drug for its
treatment has been discovered for more than a decade. There is also no clear
consensus on what exactly biopharma companies should focus on while developing
Alzheimer’s medicines. However, the scenario is changing as Alzheimer’s
companies are taking steps in this direction. The Alzheimer’s Association and
the National Institute of Aging released their proposed research framework
recently which focuses more on prevention rather than treatment of people once
they are already grappling with Alzheimer’s devastating effects.
There are a number of companies that are contributing to the
developments made in cognitive research. Key companies include Eli Lilly and
Company, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pfizer and AstraZeneca. All of these are US
based global pharmaceutical companies except AstraZeneca which is based in the
UK. Intra-Cellular Therapies, Minerva Neurosciences, SyneuRx, Avineuro
Pharmaceuticals and Lundbeck among others have recently launched their
respective drugs to combat cognitive disorders like schizophrenia.
Cognitive research is leading to an in depth understanding of
cognitive disorders. Modern day scientists are not only exploring ways to treat
these ailments but also prevent them from happening. Many individual drugs have
been launched recently and many more studies are underway that are clearing our
understanding of these ailments and their root causes. Such developments are
being led mostly by US and UK based companies.
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