According to study, “Respiratory Failure Global
Clinical Trials Review, H1, 2018” some of the
major companies that are working in the respiratory failure are Pfizer Inc, Merck
& Co Inc, MallInckrodtPlc, Daiichi Sankyo Co Ltd, Cook Children's Health
Care System, ChiesiFarmaceuticiSpA, BioMarck Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Baxter
International Inc, ApepticoForschung und Entwicklung GmbH, Air Liquide SA.
Respiratory failure is a syndrome
in which the respiratory system fails in one or both of its gas exchange
functions. These functions are oxygenation and carbon dioxide elimination. The
main goal of respiratory failure is to get oxygen to patient’s lungs &
other organs and remove carbon dioxide from patient’s body. Some diseases and
conditions that affect breathing can cause respiratory failure, which are
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and spinal cord injuries. COPD
prevents enough air from flowing in and out of the airways whereas spinal cord
injuries can damage the nerves that control breathing. Symptoms of respiratory
failure are fatigue, rapid breathing, loss of consciousness, irregular heart
rate and bluish coloration of the lips or fingernails. Some of prominent drugs
used in the treatmentof respiratory failure are nitric oxide, INOmax and
caffeine or sodium benzoate.
Respiratory failure is classified
into two types, which are; acute respiratory failure and chronic respiratory
failure. Acute respiratory failure occurs when pulmonary system is no longer
able to meet the metabolic demands of the body: it is of two types; hypoxemic
and hypercapnic.
Some treatments involved in
respiratory failure such as oxygen therapy, drug therapy and nutritional
therapy. Oxygen therapy is a treatment that provides extra oxygen to patient,
also known as supplemental oxygen. Drug therapy involves the administration of
drugs to treat or prevent disease: it is of two types; bronchodilators and
anti-biotics. Nutritional therapy maintains protein and energy stores. Some
other treatments are non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) and a
rocking bed. NPPV uses mild air pressure to keep airways open while sleep.
Continuous positive airway pressure is one type of NPPV. Additionally a rocking
bed consists of a mattress on a motorized platform. Rocking beds deliver safe
and effective ventilator support for patients and enable their continued
independence.
There are many factors are
involved that affects hypoxemic respiratory failure. These factors are
ventilation perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, shunt, diffusion limitation and alveolar
hypoventilation. V/Q mismatch is an imbalance between alveolar ventilation and
pulmonary capillary blood flow. Shunt is a hole or a small passage in medicine,
which allows movement of fluid from one part of the body to another. Diffusion
limitations gas exchange is compromised by a process that destroys the
membrane. Alveolar hypoventilation is a rare disorder in which a person does
not take enough breaths per minute. Some differential diagnoses of respiratory
failure are asthma, cardiogenic pulmonary edema, bacterial pneumonia,
corpulmonale, emphysema, cyanosis, mechanical ventilation, restrictive lung
disease and viral pneumonia.
The most significant advances in
treating respiratory failure have been related to techniques and technology and
future advances will occurin these areas. Ventilators are being developed with
improved monitoring and other technological advances to reduce complications
and enhance safety. New machines will synchronize better with patients, making
them more comfortable.
For long-term applications,
machines are becoming more portable and quiet. In the future, small ventilators
could even be strapped to a patient’s belt, enabling ventilator assistance
while the patient walks in a mall or climbs stairs at home.
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