Bicomponent fibers are defined as extruding two polymers from the same spinneret with both polymers contained within the same filament. Bicomponent fibers were first introduced by Dupont in the mid 1960s. The then bio component fiber was a side-by-side hosiery yarn known as cantrese which was made from two nylon polymers. In the 1970s, various bicomponent fibers were manufactures in Asia, notably in Japan. A very complex and expensive spin packs were apparently used in the manufacturing of biocomponent fibers. However, the techniques were technically unsatisfactory and excessively expensive. In 1989, biocomponent fiber was developed using thin flat plates with holes and grooves to route the polymers which was very flexible and quite price effective process.
According to the study “Asia Bicomponent Fiber Industry Situation and Prospects Research report”, with the introduction of biocomponent fibers, the textile industry is witnessing a drastic growth from the past decades. Textiles are not meant only for satisfying the basic needs of human, but also aids and enhances the human performance and comfort. Bicomponent fibers are most commonly utilized in medical textiles, geotextiles, package textiles, industrial textiles, automotive textiles, protective textiles and other forms of textiles. With the introduction of new variants in biocomponent fibres and new manufacturing processes for yarn and fabrics, the applications of technical textiles are increasing with varying consumer’s requirements. Bicomponent fibers provide thermal bonding, self bulking, very fine fibers, unique cross sections and are available at reduced cost. The various advantages of bicomponent thermal binder fibers are uniform distribution of adhesive, fiber remains a part of structure and adds integrity, customized sheath materials to bond various materials, wide range of bonding temperatures, cleaner, environmentally friendly, recyclable, lamination and moulding.
Bicomponent fibers are manufactured with any cross sectional shape or geometry that can be imagined. All the available bicomponent fibers are classified by their fiber cross-section structures as side-by-side, sheath-core, islands-in-the-sea and citrus fibers or segmented-pie cross-section types. Geographically, Asia bicomponent fiber industry is spread across China, Japan, South Korea. Taiwan, India and Australia Major vendors in Asia bicomponent fiber market are Toray Industries, Owens Corning, Teijin, Toho Tenax, Dupont, Eastman, JNC corp., CHA Technologies Group, ES FiberVisions, Far Eastern New Century, Huvis Corporation and Jiangsu Jiangnan High Polymer Fiber Co. Almost all variants of biocomponent fibers are used for various applications such as hygiene, textiles, automotive, home furnish and others. Now-a-days, bicomponent fibers are made of polymers which is an important material in the non-woven market. The main applications of biococmponent fibers are non-woven fabrics for diapers, feminine care and adult incontinence products (as top sheet, back sheet, leg cuffs, elastic waistband, transfer layers), air-laid nonwoven structures are used as absorbent cores in wet wipes and spun laced nonwoven products like medical disposable textiles, filtration products.
Within Asia, Japan and Korea account for the largest production of bicomponent fibers annually. The production of bicomponent fibers is a part of manmade fiber market and the manufacturers are confident about a significant growth in the next few years. Asian countries are the major consumers of biocomponet fibers due to the developing economies, increase in consumers’ disposal income, industrialization and modernization. With the increasing demand for finer fibers and fabrics, Asia bicomponent fiber industry will witness a drastic growth over the next few years.
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