A
bone marrow transplant is a procedure that infuses healthy blood stem cells
into your body to replace your damaged or diseased bone marrow. A bone marrow transplant is also called a stem cell transplant.
A bone marrow transplant may be necessary if bone marrow stops working and
doesn't produce enough healthy blood cells. Bone marrow transplant (BMT)
rejection is a complication that can occur after a stem cell or bone marrow
transplant. This is occurring when newly transplanted donor cells attack the
transplant recipient's body. It also happens when the cells from donor are not
accepted by patient’s body and patient’s original condition comes back, called
as relapse. The chance of BMT rejection is around 30%-40%, when the donor and
recipients are related and it is 60%-80% when the donor and recipient are not
related.
According
to study, “Bone
Marrow Transplant Rejection - Pipeline Review, H2 2018” some of the
major players operating in BMT rejection are Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Bio-Cancer
Treatment International Limited, Actelion Ltd, BiogenInc, -Myers Squibb Company,
Cantex Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Boryung Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Bristol Capricor
Therapeutics, Inc., Dr. Falk Pharma GmbH, Cell Source Inc., Escape
Therapeutics, Inc., Fate Therapeutics, Inc., Gilead Sciences, Inc.,F.
Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., GlaxoSmithKline Plc, Kamada Ltd., KiadisPharma N.V., Kymab
Limited, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., MacroGenics, Inc., Mallinckrodt Plc, Medsenic,
Mesoblast Limited, Rigel
Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Seattle Genetics, Inc., Sarepta Therapeutics, Inc., Sigmoid
Pharma Limited, Taiga Biotechnologies Inc., Spherium Biomed S.L.
There
are many symptoms of BMT rejection such as chills, chest pain, fever, and drop
in blood pressure, flushing, hives, nausea, and headache, funny taste in mouth
and pain & shortness of breath. The some of the problem associated with
bone marrow transplant rejection include abnormal lymph tissues growth, hormone
changes, cataracts, relase, secondary cancer and organ damage and others. Moreover
these problems are dependent on important factors such as patient’s health,
patient’s age, the length & degree of immune system suppression and chronic
gast versus host disease is present or not.
Primarily
two approach to prevent BMT rejection at the transplant centers. The first
treatment includes immunosuppressive drugs. It prevents BMT rejection by
eradicating host T-cells to allow acceptance of donor cells. It also prevents
from graft–versus-host-disease (GVHD). A second approach to preventing
graftrejection involves supplementing the marrow graftwith peripheral blood leukocytes.
Some of the key drugs used immunosuppression arealemtuzumab, antithymocyte
globulin, tacrolimus, methylprednisolone, methotrexate, sirolimus and
mycophenolatemofetil etc. Second approach involves supplementing the marrow
graft with peripheral blood leukocytes.
There
are many therapies are used in bone marrow transplant, most important is gene
therapy. It is a type of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in which the
deficiency in a patient’s hematopoietic stem cell is rectified by gene correction.
Currently gene therapy research is expanding.
BMT
market is expected to grow $56.9 billion in 2019, a compound annual
growth rate of 22.3%. The UK, France and Germany are holding good market shares
in the field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. There may be 25
million registered bone marrow donors worldwide, but only half of all patients
are able to match with a donor Of the 712,000 units that exist worldwide, just
4% have enough blood cells to be used. The future offers the opportunity of and
probability of new and exciting developments in BMT market developments.
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