According to study, “Pruritus Global Clinical Trials
Review, H1, 2018”
some of the major companies that are currently working in the pruritus are AlbireoPharmaInc,
Amorepacific Corp, Asana BioSciences LLC,Amgen Inc, Cara Therapeutics Inc, Sanwa
Kagaku Kenkyusho Co Ltd Chugai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, ELORAC Inc, Celgene Corp,
Tioga Pharmaceuticals Inc, Hydra Biosciences Inc, GlaxoSmithKline Plc,Menlo
Therapeutics Inc, NeuroCycle Therapeutics GmbH, Patagonia Pharmaceuticals LLC, PataraPharmaInc,
RDD Pharma Ltd, Saniona AB, , Sienna Biopharmaceuticals Inc, Teikoku Pharma USA
Inc,Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co Ltd, TESARO Inc, Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Pruritus is a common symptom, also
called itch.It occurs in a diverse range of skin diseases. It appears as a
prominent feature of extracutaneous disorders such as systemic, neurologic, and
psychiatric diseases and refers to an uncomfortable sensation and emotional
experience. It provokes the desire to scratch.It is most commonly associated
with a primary skin disorder such as xerosis, atopic dermatitis, urticaria,
psoriasis, arthropod assault, mastocytosis, dermatitis herpetiformis, or
pemphigoid. Pruritus is a common symptom that occurs in a wide variety of
clinical settings, such as dermatologic disorders, neuropathic disorders, and
systemic or psychiatric disease. In addition to physical effects (eg, skin
injury, secondary infections, scarring, and loss of sleep), pruritus can
contribute to emotional disturbances such as agitation and depression.
Some symptoms of pruritus are
redness, bumps, spots or blisters, dry or cracked skin and leathery or scaly
texture to the skin etc. there are some complications are involved in pruritus
such as skin injury, infection and scarring. It is more susceptible for many
conditions such as seasonal allergies (hay fever, asthma and eczema), diabetes,
HIV, cancer and pregnancy.
There are some best ways to
prevent pruritus for protecting skin are using skin creams & lotions, using
sunscreans regularly, using mild bath soap, taking bath in warm water and
avoiding certain fabrics such as wool & synthetics. Some mediating
substances are used for pruritus, which are histamine, serotonin,
acetylcholine, prostaglandins and others. The most notable itch-mediating
substance is histamine.
There are some diagnosis tests are
involved for pruritus, which are; blood test, chest x-ray and tests of thyroid
liver or kidney function. Blood test provides evidence of an internal condition
causing itch, such as iron deficiency.X-rays are used for knowing underlying
disease such as enlarged lymph nodes. Some systemic treatments of pruritus are
antihistamines, antidepressants, opioid agonists & antagonists and
neuroleptics.Antihistamines act by blocking the histamines, also called H1
antagonists.Antidepressants are drugs used for the treatment of major depressive
disorder and other conditions such as dysthymia, social anxiety disorder,
obsessive–compulsive disorder, chronic pain and agitation.Opioid drugs include
full agonists, partial agonists, and antagonists–measures of intrinsic activity
or efficacy: An antagonist is a drug that blocks opioids by attaching to the
opioid receptors without activating them, e.g. naltrexone and naloxon. Neuroleptic
agents can reduce confusion, delusions, hallucinations, and psychomotor
agitation in psychotic patients, also known asantipsychotics. Some other
alternative therapies are herbal remedies, nutritional therapy, reflex therapy,
and hydrotherapy.
In recent days, pruritus research
has elucidated mediators and neuronal pathways involved in itch transmission.This
fast emerging knowledge may possibly be translated into new therapies in the
near future. In the skin and peripheral nerves, potential mediator and receptor
therapeutic targets include the H4 histamine receptor, protease-activated
receptor, serine proteases, cathepsin S, peripheral mu- and kappa-opioid
receptors, interleukin-31, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 and 3,
fatty acid amide hydrolase, nerve growth factor and its receptor,
acetylcholine, and the Mas-related G protein-coupled receptors.
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