All
India Analysis of Malaria Control in India:-
Per Capita mosquito repellant sales have registered constant increase
in value due to rising demand and price of the repellants. Mosquito repellant
and mosquito net are substitutes to each other and are effectively utilized in
unison for mosquito control as they have very high but negative correlation
with each other. Hence states and union territories with high demand for mosquito
repellants have low per capita sales for mosquito nets. Over the years, even
though the decline was registered in number of mosquito nets sold, the demand
for mosquito repellants is on constant rise. Economic status of a state is an
important factor on which mosquito net sales depends.
Per capita Budget allocation for vector control was highest in 2014
and it has remained constant post launch of National Strategic Plan for Malaria
Elimination by 2030 in 2016. Majority of the malaria and other vector
borne diseases are reported in month of June to September. Mosquito repellant
sales have weak positive correlation with number of malaria cases signifying
that mosquito repellant sales are not much impacted by the burden of malaria.
Only 3 states and 1 union territory registered constant decline in
number of malaria cases during the estimation period (2013-2017). 8 states and
Union territories registered decline in 3 years over the period of estimation.
Only 1 state constant decline pattern over the period of estimation and other
remaining 7 states registered intermittent behavior. 1 union territory
registered highest growth in number of reported Malaria cases in 2017. The
decline in number of cases was a high as ~% in some states.
India Mosquito Repellent Market Size And Segmentation:-
The sale of mosquito repellent
products has increased from INR ~ crore in 2013 to INR ~ crore in 2014. In
2014, the overall malaria cases have increased from 2013. This has been due to
rise in waste disposal in urban areas and blocked drains owing to which the
large number of mosquitoes breed causing malaria. The sale of mosquito repellent
products has increased from INR ~ crore in 2015 to INR ~ crore in 2016. In
2015, Mosquito repellent makers such as Godrej Consumer Products, Dabur and
Piramal Enterprise have headed towards different schools of the country with
their vaporizers, creams, patches and bands. These companies are targeting
students as they are the biggest influencers in the family. Home insecticides
posted strong growth in 2017 due to increased usage of these products owing to
the spread of diseases like dengue, swine flu, malaria and chikungunya. Every
year, many people in India are affected by diseases spread by mosquitoes.
Consumers are consequently taking precautionary measures, thus driving demand
for home insecticides.
Segmentation by Type of
Repellants: In 2017, Mosquito liquid have the highest market share as they
are in maximum demand and do not produce any type of smoke and is not harmful
to people. The mosquito coil has contributed second highest share. The share of
mosquito coil is on constant decline and is mostly substituted by liquid
vaporizers. It has declined from ~% in 2013 to ~% in 2017. Mosquito cards
registered sudden traction post launch at the end of 2013 but showed very slow
growth in 2017 registering a slight decrease in market share in 2017 (from ~%
in 2016 to ~% in 2017).
Number of Malaria Cases:-
Number of malaria cases increased from 2013 to 2015 and then
registered decline in 2016 and 2017. Number of PF cases was more prominent and
followed the trend of number of malaria cases reported. However number of PV
cases first declined in 2014 then increased in 2015 and again started declining
in 2016 and 2017 (PF cases are more deadly than PV cases). Among 36 states/
UTs, Odisha has always topped in terms of malaria cases followed by
Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand from 2013 to 2017. Odisha has always reported
highest number of cases due to its climatic condition and high rural
population. Poor awareness about the disease and its preventive measures, large
number of tribal population are other key factors that prompted the growth in
number of cases. In 2016, the Odisha state government has earmarked INR ~ Crore
for the implementation of the scheme for next five years. At least INR ~ crore
will be spent from the State Budget every year to control and prevent malaria
through the innovative and integrated approach.
Annual Parasite Incidence:-
The number of malaria cases per 1,000 people in a year is called the
annual parasite incidence or API of the region. The API represents the most
broadly applied measure of risk of infection. Many health authorities rely upon
the API as the core measure of risk of infection. In 2017, API above 1 was reported by 7 states.
API is high in these areas as high number of cases per capita is reported in
these states. Lack of awareness among rural and tribal people about the health
consequences is another factor promoting the prevalence of disease. If the API
is above 1 then the area becomes more risky and is considered malaria endemic.
Moreover, if the API is above 1 then the state government becomes more active
and take initiatives to reduce the API. Random testing of population in
infected areas is carried out to identify the malaria and other vector borne
diseases.
Mosquito Net Sales:-
Among 36 states and union territories, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh has the
highest users of single and double bed mosquito nets. This is majorly due to
shortage of power supply, high percentage of rural population, low per capita
income, lack of regular source of income and lifestyle. The market value of
single bed mosquito nets in the year 2017 was INR ~ crore whereas the market
value for double bed mosquito nets in the year 2017 was INR ~ crore. The
untreated mosquito nets are generally made up of nylon, polyester, cotton and
HDPE material. In order to manufacture one nylon mosquito net on an average,
around 10 meters of nylon net is required.
Long Lasting
Insecticidal Nets:-
Insecticide treatment
is recommended for synthetic nets (nylon and polyester), as treatment of cotton
nets is not cost-effective and effect of insecticide is not long lasting.
Insecticides used for mosquito nets are not harmful to people, if used
correctly. The nets should preferably be treated outdoors in the shade. If
treatment is to be carried out indoors, a room with open windows should be
used. LLINs are mosquito nets which have the insecticide incorporated in their
fibre, so that it is not removed by as many as 20 washes. Almost all companies
reduced their prices during the period of estimation. Vestergaard Frandsen and
VKA Polymers constantly reduce their prices during the period of estimation.
Factors Effecting the Market:-
Per Capita Income: In
FY’2013 ending March, the highest per capita income was registered for Goa i.e.
INR ~ and the lowest per capita income was observed in Bihar i.e. INR ~. While
in Fiscal Year ending March 2017, the highest per capita income was in Delhi
i.e. INR ~ and the lowest per capita income was registered in Bihar i.e. INR ~.
The per capita income in Delhi has grown by ~% in 2016-2017 in comparison to
2015-2016 overtaking Goa. This is because GDP in Delhi has consistently grown
faster than India's. Around 19 states in India have higher per capita income
than the national average. However, many of these states are high endemic
states for prevalence of malaria.
GDP: In FY’2013, the
highest GDP was of Maharashtra state i.e. INR ~ crore and the lowest GDP was of
Andaman & Nicobar Island i.e. INR ~ crore. While in FY’2017, the highest
GDP was of Maharashtra state i.e. INR ~ crore and the lowest per capita income
was of Sikkim state i.e. INR ~ crore. Maharashtra has the highest GDP as it is
the fastest growing state and has improved its share of development expenditure
in total expenditure. On the other hand, Maharashtra has moved from low to high
growth while maintaining its fiscal deficit below the FRBM (Fiscal
Responsibility and Budget Management) target.
Number of Districts, Panchayat,
Sub-districts and Blocks: Malaria is
commonly considered as a disease of poverty as areas with high rural population
and low per capita income are more susceptible to malaria. States with high
concentration of tribal population are the most affected states. Among top 15
states with high percentage of Tribal Population all except for Rajasthan have
registered high number of malaria cases. These include major states such as
Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra and Gujarat. Rural and tribal population has
very little awareness about the causes and prevention methods and hence is most
vulnerable to malaria and other vector borne diseases. Creating awareness and
active participation in malaria control programs is the key to eradication of
malaria in less urbanized states.
West Bengal:-
API has registered an erratic trend in West Bengal highlighting that
number of Malaria cases have declined from 2013-2015 and then increased in
2016. It again registered a decline in 2017. It has showcased linkage to budget
allocation in the previous year. Urbanization has direct positive impact on the
sales of mosquito repellant sales and is also the key factor in controlling the
number malaria cases. It has been observed that at all India level API is
negatively correlated to API indicating that as the urbanization increases it
lead to decrease in API.
Odhisa:-
Odisha has the highest number of malaria cases over the years. This is
because of large forest area in tropical climate where mosquitoes easily breed
and high ratio of tribal rural population who reside in and around these forest
areas and are not aware of vector borne diseases. Moreover, in Odisha,
mosquitoes tend to transmit the disease efficiently. The state government has
taken many initiatives for eliminating malaria and therefore in April 2018,
Odisha reported decline of ~% in the average number of malaria cases in a
month. Every year, Odisha government conducts routine campaign. In this
campaign ~ professionals are trained for providing services at community level
and these professionals do all the malaria treatment and awareness programs. In
2016, there were ~ districts in Odisha where API was above 10 but in 2017 the
number was reduced to ~ districts.
Uttar Pradesh:-
In 2017, the number of malaria cases in Uttar Pradesh was ~ which were
lower than in 2016. To control malaria and other vector borne diseases in Uttar
Pradesh, the principal secretary (health and family welfare) of Uttar Pradesh
has issued guidelines to all the district magistrates and officials of the
various departments of the state. Moreover, Uttar Pradesh has also adopted a
malaria elimination program, which aims to reduce the prevalence of the disease
to less than ~ case per 1,000 people by the year 2030. API has registered
constant decline from 2013 to 2017 (except 2015 when there was minor increase)
signifying that number of Malaria cases have declined. Budget allocation
increased significantly in 2016 to INR ~ crore. Similar allocation (INR ~
crore) was done in 2017. Decline was registered in number of malaria cases
reported in the state. Urbanization has direct positive impact on the sales of
mosquito repellant sales and is also the key factor in controlling the number
malaria cases. In case of Uttar Pradesh the number of malaria cases reported
has negative correlation with urbanization signifying that it is line with
observation at national level.
Tamil Nadu:-
The state reported ~ total malaria cases in 2016, while the total
number of cases surged to ~ in 2017. There was a hike in number of malaria
cases because the state experienced drought which led to spike in the breeding
of mosquitoes in 2017. Water logging after drought brought a rise in the
mosquito population owing to rise in the number of malaria cases in the state.
API has registered constant decline from 2013 to 2016 but increased in 2017
highlighting that number of Malaria cases have increased in 2017. Urbanization
has direct positive impact on the sales of mosquito repellant sales however in
contrast to other major malaria endemic states majority of the malaria cases in
Tamil Nadu were reported in highly urbanized districts. In case of Tamil Nadu
the number of malaria cases reported has positive correlation with urbanization
showing deviation with observation at national level.
Maharastra:-
In 2017, the number of malaria cases in Maharashtra was ~ which were
reduced by ~ from 2016. District-wise monthly reports are compiled and
collected from the state through active and passive surveillance by health
facilities. This includes collection of data at the village levels by ASHAs (Accredited
Social Health Activist) for tracking malaria. Maharashtra has also adopted a
malaria elimination program, which aims to reduce the prevalence of the disease
to less than one case per 1,000 people by the year 2030. API has registered
increase from 2013 to 2015 but has declined since then highlighting that number
of Malaria cases have decreased in 2016 and 2017. Malaria cases were among
highest in Mumbai even though it is totally urban population and consumer
awareness is good. Urbanization has direct positive impact on the sales of
mosquito repellant sales however in contrast to other major malaria endemic
states majority of the malaria cases in Maharashtra were reported in highly
urbanized districts. In case of Maharashtra the number of malaria cases
reported has moderate positive correlation with urbanization showing deviation
with observation at national level. Positive Correlation in Maharashtra is
opposite to national level correlation of.
Andra Pradesh:-
In 2017, the number of malaria cases in Andhra Pradesh was ~ which is
6,700 lower than in 2016. This reduction in number of malaria cases were
because of government initiative for eliminating malaria form the state.
Malaria cases were highest in the state are from East Godavari and
Visakhapatnam. People living in rural areas of these districts are more prone
to malaria fever. API has registered increase from 2013 to 2015 but has
declined since then, highlighting that number of Malaria cases have decreased
in 2016 and 2017. API in both the districts has remained higher than 1 making
them malaria endemic district requiring special focus. Urbanization has direct
positive impact on the sales of mosquito repellant sales however in contrast to
other major malaria endemic states, majority of the malaria cases in Andhra
Pradesh were reported in both urbanized districts with climate and rainfall
playing significant role. In case of Andhra Pradesh, the number of malaria
cases reported has positive correlation with urbanization showing deviation
with observation at national level. Positive Correlation in Andhra Pradesh is
opposite to national level correlation.
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