4 Cornerstones of Thailand’s Medical Education Market: Embracing New trends, Improved Governance and Diverse Opportunities: Ken Research

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As of 2019, Thailand's population of 68 million is served by 927 government hospitals and 363 private hospitals with 9,768 primary care health units (SHPH clinics), responsible for Thai citizens’ health at the sub-district level. SHPH has played a significant role in Thai public health. Additionally, there are 25,615 private clinics. This increase in demand for medical services is due to an aging population and an increase in chronic illnesses. As a result, the medical education market is projected to foresee a bright future in the years to come.

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1. Similar to other Asian Countries Internal Medicine is a popular choice of most medical students due to the various options availability for sub specialty

General Medicine and Neurology are the most popular areas of sub-specialization in Internal Medicine. It is by far the most popular Specialization for inters, since maximum seats are occupied by residents are for internal medicine. Moreover, Internal Medicine owes its popularity and highest trainee area is due to the vast expanse of fields and subjects such as, Allergy/Immunology, Cardiology, Critical care medicine, Endocrinology, Gastroenterology and more.  Furthermore, the pass percentage rate has been considered as 80% in the IM Exam. This percentage is quiet high compared to other Asian Countries, which makes is much more competitive.

2. Krung Thep Maha Nakhon has the highest no. of medical colleges because it is the only cosmopolitan city with cultural and commercial centre in Thailand

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Krung Thep Maha Nakhon has the maximum no. of colleges because there is high literacy rate and high accumulation secondary schools. Another major reason is the high opportunity for the internship and residency program, since maximum no. of colleges in the central region. Moreover, government is now targeting the rural regions to avoid over crowdedness in the central region and improve healthcare in the rural areas.

3. Thailand’s Higher Education Institutes flourishes under Centralized Governance and Enhanced Oversight by MOE Office.

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Thailand currently has 156 higher education institutions (HEIs) which are divided into three categories: autonomous, public and private . Another important change has been the creation of the Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation (MHESI) in May 2019. This reflects the Thai Government’s belief that research is at the heart of higher education, and research can make an impact when researchers work hand-in-hand with HEIs. In addition, the Council of University Presidents of Thailand and the Association of Private Higher Education Institutions of Thailand are important peak bodies that influence the administration and policy of both public and private HEIs.

4. There has been International Collaborations for Ophthalmology campaigning for the reduction in prevalence of eye diseases in Thailand.

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The Ministry of Education Thailand has endorsed many collaborations with other foreign countries in terms of education. Fifty-eight Thai higher education institutions signed 583 MOUs with foreign counterparts. Thai Government has initiated medical education reforms, that have facilitated the international collaboration between universities, Thai to English program and easy visa facility for foreign students. OHSU Casey Eye Institute, in collaboration with OHSU Global's partnerships in Southeast Asia, is working hard to bring positive change to eye care in Myanmar.

4 Points that Discover the Vibrant Terrain of Thailand’s Medical Education Market: “A Pathway to Excellence”: Ken Research

Medical Education in Thailand has seen a long journey with various turns with intense progress. Various factors that drive the growth of the Medical Education System in Thailand are expensive public infrastructure and universal coverage, the postgraduate program is in alignment with international standards, the brain drain is at a lower level in comparison to its neighboring countries because the majority of education is in Thai, changes in the need of society, changes in the nature of students, evolution in learning and teaching processes, rapid changes in technologies supporting medical practices and education, an enormous explosion in medical knowledge and changes in the health system.

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1. Ministry of Education, Royal Colleges and Medical Council are the three bodies that controls Higher Medical Education in Thailand

Thailand has 23 Medical Colleges out of which 21 are Public Medical Colleges and 2 are Private Universities, which shows that Medical Education is fairly controlled by government colleges. Higher education at both undergraduate and graduate levels are under the responsibility of the office of Higher Education Commission (OHEC), which conducts national medical exams to ensure quality education. Medical Aspirants in Thailand are likely to study in Public Universities due to the improvements in course structure and government inclination to promote medical education in the public sector.

2. Maximum no. of Public and Private Medical Colleges are concentrated in the Central Region

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Central region in Thailand is an ideal location for the students due to the high concentration of HIEs, cultural diversity, employment opportunities and rapid developments in the healthcare sector. Around 10 Public and Private Medical Colleges are located in the Central Region which is the maximum no. of colleges at one region. Major reason behind this accumulation of colleges in the central region is the high growth which the authorities have attempted to direct by means of a series of master plans since 1960s. Some districts have evolved into functional units as the inner city has become more institutional and commercial and the outer city more residential.

3. Most of the Medical Aspirants follow the 6 years program route to complete their medical education in Thailand.

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In Thailand, the undergraduate medical curriculum consists of a 6-year training programme divided into three phases, namely year 1 for general education, years 2-3 for basic medical sciences, and years 4-6 for clinical experience. There are two main tracks for medical training: "normal" and "rural," which differ in their admission process, location of training, and location of work. Students from all over the country can apply for normal track training through a central selection procedure. Their training is provided in traditional medical schools, and job placement is available at any community hospital in the country. Students applying for the rural track are chosen specifically from the provinces. Their training is undertaken in regional or provincial hospitals, and job рlасement is to соmmunity hospitals in the provinces or regions from which they соme. The curriculum for both tracks is very similar, with clinical training usually taking place in tertiary or quaternary care hospitals and involving limited community experience.

4. Highest no. of Physician Graduate of 2020 is from Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University.

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It is the oldest and largest medical school and oldest of any kind of university faculty in Thailand. The faculty is now part of Mahidol University.  The medical school accepts about 250 students for undergraduate education and more than 100 to postgraduate studies each year.  Furthermore, faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University ranked no. 126 – 150 (tied) in Times Higher Education’s World Best University 2021 in Clinical and Health.